Saturday, 22 March 2014

Additional informations and readings about the topic



2) 11 Facts About Recycling


1. The average person generates over 4 pounds of trash every day and about 1.5 tons of solid waste per year.

2. In 2009, Americans produced enough trash to circle the Earth 24 times.

3. Over 75% of waste is recyclable, but we only recycle about 30% of it.

4. We generate 21.5 million tons of food waste each year. If we composted that food, it would reduce the same amount of greenhouse gas as taking 2 million cars off the road.

5. Recycling one aluminum can saves enough energy to listen to a full album on your iPod.

6. Recycling 100 cans could light your bedroom for two whole weeks.

7. Recycling aluminum cans saves 95% of the energy used to make alum cans from new material.

8.Americans throw away 25,000,000 plastic bottles every hour.

9..Over 87% of Americans have access to curbside or drop-off paper recycling programs.

10. In 2009, Americans threw away almost 9 million tons of glass. That could fill enough tractor trailers to stretch from NYC to LA (and back!).

11. In 2010, paper recycling had increased over 89% since 1990.If every American recycled just one-tenth of their newspapers, we could save about 25 million trees each year.






3) How Do Japanese Dump Trash? Let Us Count the Myriad Ways

By NORIMITSU ONISHI
Published: May 12, 2005
YOKOHAMA, Japan - When this city recently doubled the number of garbage categories to 10, it handed residents a 27-page booklet on how to sort their trash. Highlights included detailed instructions on 518 items.
Ko Sasaki for The New York Times
In Yokohama, trash that escapes recycling is put in transparent bags and loaded into trucks for incineration.

Everything in Its Place

Ko Sasaki for The New York Times
Kamikatsu, Japan, has 44 categories of trash, and Masaharu Tokimoto, 76, is sometimes baffled by them. But he is still a diligent recycler.
Lipstick goes into burnables; lipstick tubes, "after the contents have been used up," into "small metals" or plastics. Take out your tape measure before tossing a kettle: under 12 inches, it goes into small metals, but over that it goes into bulky refuse.
Socks? If only one, it is burnable; a pair goes into used cloth, though only if the socks "are not torn, and the left and right sock match." Throw neckties into used cloth, but only after they have been "washed and dried."
"It was so hard at first," said Sumie Uchiki, 65, whose ward began wrestling with the 10 categories last October as part of an early trial. "We were just not used to it. I even needed to wear my reading glasses to sort out things correctly."
To Americans struggling with sorting trash into a few categories, Japan may provide a foretaste of daily life to come. In a national drive to reduce waste and increase recycling, neighborhoods, office buildings, towns and megalopolises are raising the number of trash categories - sometimes to dizzying heights.
Indeed, Yokohama, with 3.5 million people, appears slack compared with Kamikatsu, a town of 2,200 in the mountains of Shikoku, the smallest of Japan's four main islands. Not content with the 34 trash categories it defined four years ago as part of a major push to reduce waste, Kamikatsu has gradually raised the number to 44.
In Japan, the long-term push to sort and recycle aims to reduce the amount of garbage that ends up in incinerators. In land-scarce Japan, up to 80 percent of garbage is incinerated, while a similar percentage ends up in landfills in the United States.
The environmentally friendlier process of sorting and recycling may be more expensive than dumping, experts say, but it is comparable in cost to incineration.
"Sorting trash is not necessarily more expensive than incineration," said Hideki Kidohshi, a garbage researcher at the Center for the Strategy of Emergence at the Japan Research Institute. "In Japan, sorting and recycling will make further progress."
For Yokohama, the goal is to reduce incinerated garbage by 30 percent over the next five years. But Kamikatsu's goal is even more ambitious: eliminating garbage by 2020.
In the last four years, Kamikatsu has halved the amount of incinerator-bound garbage and raised its recycled waste to 80 percent, town officials said. Each household now has a subsidized garbage disposal unit that recycles raw garbage into compost.
At the single Garbage Station where residents must take their trash, 44 bins collect everything from tofu containers to egg cartons, plastic bottle caps to disposable chopsticks, fluorescent tubes to futons.
On a recent morning, Masaharu Tokimoto, 76, drove his pick-up truck to the station and expertly put brown bottles in their proper bin, clear bottles in theirs. He looked at the labels on cans to determine whether they were aluminum or steel. Flummoxed about one item, he stood paralyzed for a minute before mumbling to himself, "This must be inside."
Some 15 minutes later, Mr. Tokimoto was done. The town had gotten much cleaner with the new garbage policy, he said, though he added: "It's a bother, but I can't throw away the trash in the mountains. It would be a violation."
In towns and villages where everybody knows one another, not sorting may be unthinkable. In cities, though, not everybody complies, and perhaps more than any other act, sorting out the trash properly is regarded as proof that one is a grown-up, responsible citizen. The young, especially bachelors, are notorious for not sorting. And landlords reluctant to rent to non-Japanese will often explain that foreigners just cannot - or will not - sort their trash.
In Yokohama, after a few neighborhoods started sorting last year, some residents stopped throwing away their trash at home. Garbage bins at parks and convenience stores began filling up mysteriously with unsorted trash.
"So we stopped putting garbage bins in the parks," said Masaki Fujihira, who oversees the promotion of trash sorting at Yokohama City's family garbage division.
Enter the garbage guardians, the army of hawk-eyed volunteers across Japan who comb offending bags for, say, a telltale gas bill, then nudge the owner onto the right path.
One of the most tenacious around here is Mitsuharu Taniyama, 60, the owner of a small insurance business who drives around his ward every morning and evening, looking for missorted trash. He leaves notices at collection sites: "Mr. So-and-so, your practice of sorting out garbage is wrong. Please correct it."
"I checked inside bags and took especially lousy ones back to the owners' front doors," Mr. Taniyama said.
He stopped in front of one messy location where five bags were scattered about, and crows had picked out orange peels from one.
"This is a typical example of bad garbage," Mr. Taniyama said, with disgust. "The problem at this location is that there is no community leader. If there is no strong leader, there is chaos."
He touched base with his lieutenants in the field. On the corner of a street with large houses, where the new policy went into effect last October, Yumiko Miyano, 56, was waiting with some neighbors.
Ms. Miyano said she now had 90 percent compliance, adding that, to her surprise, those resisting tended to be "intellectuals," like a certain university professor or an official at Japan Airlines up the block.
"But the husband is the problem - the wife sorts her trash properly," one neighbor said of the airlines family.
Getting used to the new system was not without its embarrassing moments.
Shizuka Gu, 53, said that early on, a community leader sent her a letter reprimanding her for not writing her identification number on the bag with a "thick felt-tip pen." She was chided for using a pen that was "too thin."
"It was a big shock to be told that I had done something wrong," Ms. Gu said. "So I couldn't bring myself to take out the trash here and asked my husband to take it to his office. We did that for one month."
At a 100-family apartment complex not too far away, Sumishi Kawai was keeping his eyes trained on the trash site before pickup. Missorting was easy to spot, given the required use of clear garbage bags with identification numbers. Compliance was perfect - almost.
One young couple consistently failed to properly sort their trash. "Sorry! We'll be careful!" they would say each time Mr. Kawai knocked on their door holding evidence of their transgressions.
At last, even Mr. Kawai - a small 77-year-old man with wispy white hair, an easy smile and a demeanor that can only be described as grandfatherly - could take no more.
"They were renting the apartment, so I asked the owner, 'Well, would it be possible to have them move?' " Mr. Kawai said, recalling, with undisguised satisfaction, that the couple was evicted two months ago.





4) The world's 10 craziest recycling programs

Tuesday, April 22, 2008 - 2:36pm
The fact that “going green” has become this decade’s de facto cool global issue to support is a good thing. Whether it’s Al Gore winning prizes for his activism or nations around the world being forced to do their part to improve the environment, going green helps us all. But in the rush to hop on the green bandwagon, some cities and programs around the world might be sometimes taking things a bit too far. What follows is our semi-exhaustive breakdown of some of the odder well-intentioned recycling efforts and unfortunate foibles currently plaguing the global green movement.



1. Green Gums: Fake Chompers Equal Real Pay Day
The Japan Society for the Recycling of Dentures has embarked on a plan to make your fake chompers pay off after you’ve discarded them. Inspired by the efforts of 63-year-old Isao Miyoshi, the program is designed to collect old dentures and extract the embedded silver, gold and palladium housings, yielding an average of 3,000 yen (about $30) per set. According to the JSRD, 80% of the proceeds go to the Japan branch of UNICEF. In the first two months of the program, Miyoshi earned enough to donate over $10,000 to UNICEF, ultimately proving that mining the old gums of the elderly isn’t just environmentally green, but could end up putting a heap of green in your pocket as well.
Via Inventor Spot

2. Concealed Weapon: Japanese To Start Packing Chopsticks

A new initiative has emerged from the halls of Japan’s government that aims to have Japanese citizens carry their own set of chopsticks rather than using the disposable ones found at most restaurants. While the plan also includes encouraging citizens to use public transportation and ride bicycles — two activities Japanese citizens already indulge in to a greater extent than most of the planet — expecting fashion-conscious Japanese to suddenly start packing chopsticks as a part of their meticulous ensembles is perhaps a bit too ambitious. Nevertheless, in the land of cosplay, robotic secretaries and real-life “soylent green” (i.e. natto), don’t be surprised if the newest fashion trend to hit Japan turns out to be something involving chopstick holsters.
Via International Herald Tribune

3. Asahi Beer: Good For Ails Ya

Believe it or not, the next sip of Japanese beer you take could, in a roundabout way, save a life. Asahi beer isn’t just the most internationally recognizable of Japan’s brews, but it turns out to be the most environmentally friendly. According to a recent report in the U.K. Telegraph, Asahi makes good use of every bit of waste produced by the brewing process. While it probably wouldn’t surprise most to learn that Asahi recycles its own paper, bottles, cans, and even plastic hop sacks, it would floor most to find out that the company turns its waste yeast into pharmaceutical products for the mass market. We’re unclear on the exact details of the process, but if the next Japan cold remedy you ingest has that extra kick, you can let your imagine wander and consider the frothy possibilities.
Via The Telegraph

4. Möbius Trash Strip: Faux Recycling For Show

The U.K. may pay a lot of lip service to the sport of going green, but according to recent reports, the efforts of the environmentally conscientious are often thrown away as rubbish. The Telegraph reports that after being gingerly placed into local recycling bins, about 240,000 tons of plastic, paper, and glass ends up being burned or simply sent to garbage landfills. In short, tons of recyclable trash in Britain gets the common heave-ho into the waste dump, ultimately making the efforts of thousands of well-meaning Brits, well, meaningless.
Via The Telegraph





5. Save The Gorilla, Save The World

A little-known fact about cellphones is that their construction often relies on a metal known as coltan. According to numerous reports, the mining of coltan ore is responsible for the 70% decrease in Africa’s lowland gorilla population. Organizations like Eco-Cell hope to make a dent in this phenomenon by making it easier for cellphone users to put their flashy communicator to better use once they move on to a new model. Who knew that properly disposing of your souped-up phone could actually save an innocent primate somewhere?
Via eHow

6. Sweat And Urine Cocktails Coming To A Space Station Near You

Anyone dreaming of one day becoming an astronaut should be aware that space flight is not for the squeamish. The Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama has been researching and testing a method that would allow astronauts to obtain their water needs via the recycling of sweat and urine waste (think: the Stillsuits worn by the Fremen in Dune). Yum! But the system isn’t just focused on outer space; the charity organization Concern 4 Kids also hopes to bring the water-recycling technology to impoverished regions of the world. The technology, pushed forward by Hamilton Sundstrand, could turn out to be the most important recycling innovation ever, assuming we can pretend we don’t know where our water has been.
Via Fox News


7_condom-recyc.jpg
7. Is That A Condom In Your Hair, Or Are You Just Happy To See Me?

Filed under “recycled items you should never put on your head” comes news that condoms are being recycled in China as hairbands. According to reports, recycled condoms used as hairbands are showing up in the Chinese cities of Dongguan and Guangzhou, threatening to spread sexually transmitted diseases via fashion accessory. Chinese law prohibits such reuse, but the practice is apparently widespread. Aside from the incredibly disgusting imagery connected with wrapping your hair in an old condom, we’re still compelled to offer nominal kudos for such an innovative (albeit dangerous) recycling trick. Ick.
Via AsiaOne

8. California Vintage: Toilet Water On Tap

Orange County, California is known for many things, from the hedonistic (as the setting for Richard Linklater’s film A Scanner Darkly) to the mindlessly harmless (the television show The O.C.), but a new water-recycling plan will likely put it on the map in an entirely different way. The program, called “indirect potable water reuse” or “toilet to tap” by some naysayers, purifies the local sewer water. Although this practice has been used for years to grow crops, sending the water directly to your tap is a new turn that might just inspire the gag reflex in even the most passionate recycling activists.
Via The New York Times

9. Crushed Glass Beach

Broward County, Florida officials are raising eyebrows with a new plan to reclaim some of its lost beach area succumbing to erosion — spreading recycled crushed glass. The plan would spread 15,600 tons of the glass material, or fake sand, over the county’s beach areas each year. Although controversial to some, the technique has been successfully employed for the beaches of on the Dutch Caribbean island of Curacao and in Lake Hood in New Zealand. Nevertheless, the idea of frolicking in a pile of sand that might have the errant shard of uncrushed glass waiting to nick you is unpleasant, to say the least.
Via Breitbart News

10. Scientist Hopes To Use Poop To Grow Your Space Food

Masamichi Yamashita, a researcher at Japan’s Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, recently held a lecture directed to his peers on the merits of recycling human waste to feed spacefarers. At the 36th Assembly of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) in Beijing, Yamashita laid out a plan that argues for the healthy recycling of human waste to grow food in situations where humanity attempts to colonize new planets without an Earth-like ecosystem. Yamashita refers to the process as hyper-thermophilic aerobic compost, but most Earth-bound food lovers will probably refer to the idea as Poop A La Carte. As in, no seconds for me, thank you.































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